Opera (web browser) - Wikipedia. Opera is a web browser for Windows, mac. OS, and Linuxoperating systems developed by Opera Software. It uses the Blinklayout engine. An earlier version using the Presto layout engine is still available, and runs on Free. BSD systems. According to Opera, the browser had more than 3. In 1. 99. 5, it branched out into a separate company named Opera Software. ASA. Version 5. 0 (released in 2. Instead, Opera became ad- sponsored, displaying advertisements to users who had not paid for it. With version 8. 5 (released in 2. Google (which is by contract Opera's default search engine). Opera Software also planned to contribute code to Web. Kit. Opera also has . Speed Dial allows the user to more easily navigate to the selected web pages. Usability and accessibility. Dotzler claimed that users were not clearly informed of security vulnerabilities that were present in the previous version of Opera, and thus they would not realize that they needed to upgrade to the latest version or else risk being exploited by hackers. New features are first introduced in the developer build, then, depending on user feedback, it progress to the beta version and eventually released. Opera developer is not intended for everyday browsing as it is unstable and is prone to failure or crashing, but it enables advanced users to try out new features that are still under development, without affecting their normal installation of the browser. New versions of the browser are released and frequently, generally a few times a week. A new version is released every couple of weeks. Each has a different icon to help the user distinguish between the variants. Blocking advertisements on web pages is becoming increasingly popular and an ad blocker is now one of the most installed browser extensions for Chrome and Firefox.Market adoption. Opera technology was employed in Adobe Go. Live, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Dreamweaver, and other components of the Adobe Creative Suite. These awards include. Opera Software. 2. February 2. 01. 2. Retrieved 2. 1 February 2. Retrieved 2. 01. 7- 0.
![]() Latest trending topics being covered on ZDNet including Reviews, Tech Industry, Security, Hardware, Apple, and Windows. Retrieved 2. 01. 7- 0. Retrieved 2. 01. 7- 0. Archived from the original on 3. May 2. 01. 2. Retrieved 1. June 2. 01. 4. Opera Software - Financial Reports. Opera Software ASA. Retrieved 1. 9 February 2. Oslo: Opera Software ASA. August 2. 01. 5. Retrieved 5 October 2. Ars Technica. Retrieved 1. June 2. 01. 4. Retrieved 2. February 2. 01. 6. Not only do the publishers "expressly decline to participate in any way in Brave's supposed business model. Opera Software. Archived from the original on 3 December 2. Retrieved 5 September 2. Mozilla Japan. Mozilla Foundation. Retrieved 5 September 2. Opera Software. Archived from the original on 2. November 2. 00. 7. Retrieved 1. 3 January 2. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. ![]() ![]() The Register. Retrieved 1. June 2. 01. 4. Search Engine Journal. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Opera Watch. Archived from the original on 5 January 2. 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Standalone Opera Mail Client Coming to Linux. Omgubuntu. co. uk (2. Retrieved on 2. 01. Retrieved 2. 01. 7- 0. Retrieved 2. 01. 7- 0. Retrieved 2. 01. 7- 0. Retrieved 2. 01. 7- 0. Opera Software. Retrieved 1. June 2. 01. 4. Opera Software. Retrieved 1. 2 June 2. Opera Software. Retrieved 1. June 2. 01. 4. Opera Software. Archived from the original on 3. June 2. 01. 0. Retrieved 5 September 2. Compare. Smartwatches. Retrieved 2. 01. 4- 1. Opera Software. Retrieved 1. June 2. 01. 4. Internetnews. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Internetnews. com. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Retrieved 1. 8 March 2. Retrieved 1. 8 March 2. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Opera Desktop Team Blog. Retrieved 1. 6 September 2. Opera Software. Retrieved 2. November 2. 01. 3. Opera Software ASA. Retrieved 9 November 2. Gs. statcounter. com. Retrieved 2. 01. 7- 0. Global Stats. Dublin: Stat. Counter. Global Stats. Dublin: Stat. Counter. Global Stats. Dublin: Stat. Counter. Opera Press releases. Opera Software ASA. August 2. 01. 4. Retrieved 2. November 2. 01. 4. Investing. com. 2. August 2. 01. 4. Retrieved 8 September 2. Dublin: Stat. Counter. Retrieved 3. 0 September 2. Stat. Counter Global Stats. Retrieved 3 April 2. Opera Software. 4 April 2. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Opera Watch. Archived from the original on 1. November 2. 00. 7. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Virtual Mechanics Inc. November 2. 00. 8. Archived from the original on 9 January 2. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Archived from the original on 2. May 2. 01. 4. Retrieved 2. Retrieved 1. 2 June 2. Retrieved 6 September 2. Archived from the original on 1. November 2. 00. 4. Retrieved 6 September 2. Opera Desktop Team. Opera Software. Archived from the original on 4 September 2. Retrieved 6 September 2. Archived from the original on 2. October 2. 00. 7. Retrieved 6 September 2. Opera Software. Retrieved 1. June 2. 01. 4. Opera Software. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Retrieved 1. 2 June 2. Retrieved 2. 9 July 2. Retrieved 1. 2 June 2. Computer World. Retrieved 2. July 2. 01. 3. Softonic. Retrieved 1. 2 June 2. Softonic. com. Retrieved 1. June 2. 01. 4. Makeuseof. Retrieved 1. 2 June 2. Opera Software. Archived from the original on 2. January 2. 01. 1. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Webware. com. Archived from the original on 1. July 2. 00. 9. Retrieved 1. June 2. 01. 4. Archived from the original on 1. May 2. 00. 8. Retrieved 1. June 2. 01. 4. External links. Access end- user data (in the host web) from a Share. Point 2. 01. 3 app. Continuing my series on developing SP2. This is something that some apps will need to do, but others may not. For some, the whole premise around what the app does will be working with collaboration data in team sites/My Sites etc., so these techniques will be crucial there. Because there are so many flavors of Share. Point data access in apps, I’m going to spend some time explaining which this article applies to – feel free to scroll ahead to the code samples though! Whilst this article series focuses on Share. Point- hosted apps some of the code/techniques I describe here may also work in other app scenarios, such as a provider- hosted app (e. At the time of writing (November 2. MSDN samples are *extremely* confusing as to which approach can be used in which scenario – I discuss this somewhat below, but essentially I will add more detail to this post as Office 3. For now, the scenario that all the samples below have been tested on is an on- premise Share. Point- hosted app which accesses data in the host web. Here’s the evolving table of contents for this article series: Share. Point 2. 01. 3 apps – architecture, capability and UX considerations. Getting started – creating lists, content types, fields etc. The permutations are mind- boggling, and lead to much confusion on the journey to understanding apps – here are some examples: App type. Remote data access. Share. Point- hosted. Page in app web accessing host web data using the cross- domain library and RESTShare. Point- hosted. Page in app web accessing host web data using Java. Script CSOMAuto- hosted (Azure)/ provider- hosted/O3. Remote HTML page which uses cross- domain library to access data in app web Auto- hosted (Azure)/ provider- hosted/O3. Remote HTML page which Java. Script CSOM to access data in app web Auto- hosted (Azure)/ provider- hosted/O3. Remote HTML page which uses cross- domain library to access data in host web (maybe – haven’t seen this done yet) Auto- hosted (Azure)/ provider- hosted/O3. Remote HTML page which crafts a standard AJAX request to host web or other Share. Point site, adding an OAuth token to the . And note these are just accessing Share. Point list data – there are more scenarios around say, accessing SQL data in Azure/other locations. The italicized ones are what I’m focusing on in this article. Interestingly, I notice the 3rd and 4th flavors are covered in some MSDN samples (see here and here respectively), so the techniques I’m writing about here should have broader usage than just my first two flavors. Confusingly however, those samples only appear to work when the provider- hosted remote site is running on http: //localhost, and there are no notes to explain this – if you configure it as a bona- fide, deployable IIS website then the code stops working (and other things start to become required such as the X- UA- Compatible metatag). My guess is that browser/Java. Script security checks aren’t performed with localhost (it knows it isn’t really remote), and when this isn’t the case then “high- trust” app configuration is required for on- premise scenarios (this involves specifying the app client ID, using Register- SPApp. Principal and so on). I’ll confirm this in the future. One notable omission is “accessing data in the app webfrom the host web” (i. The scenario sounds kinda useful to me, but I suspected the app model would not allow it. My tests showed that this is NOT possible, and there are blocking mechanisms in place – you’ll get a ? Well no, this doesn’t always work. The answer is around cross- site scripting – or more correctly, the protection that browsers have to prevent cross- site scripting attacks. This is centered on the . However, in many app Share. Point app scenarios, you might want to access data which isn’t on the same URL domain as your code (typically Java. Script within a web page). So for example, if you’re following best practice and your Share. Point apps run on a separate URL domain (e. How it works. So if Java. Script requests are usually prohibited from talking across URL domains, how is the cross- domain library able to do it? In short, the technique used is to dynamically create an IFrame on to a page in the host web – by default this is an out- of- the- box application page called App. Web. Proxy. aspx, though it’s also possible to use your own. This effectively turns the “remote” call into local call by accessing it on a host web URL such as http: //team. Although the Java. Script is somewhat obfuscated since Microsoft generated it with Script# (like the rest of the CSOM), you can see some details of the implementation in SP. Request. Executor. Context - how I use all this in my “learner” time—tracking app. Before we get to the examples, for folks who are vaguely following this article series here’s how I’m using the cross- domain library in the dummy app I’m building. My app mainly stores it’s data in the app web, but just for fun there is a list in the host web which stores the “target hours” a user must log that week: I use the library to query this list for the current user, then display it within my app: Examples. Get title, URL or other properties of host web (. This is async/AJAX programming in Java. Script - if you haven’t done much of this before, you might need another reference to get you started. Check out Using the Java. Script Client OM and j. Query to work with lists). Essentially we build a REST URL (which we can test in the browser address bar), and then specify whether we want our data returned as JSON or XML. Most samples tend to use JSON, but I’ll show how to get XML later on - JSON does often make sense though, because it works so well with Java. Script/j. Query. So, we then use some boilerplate async code to get a JSON object from the string returned by the service. As we work through these examples, the key thing to note is the data we asked for will always be in the json. Object. d property – this will make sense as you see more of these samples, but it’s crucial to understand when you’re writing your own code: var hostweburl; var appweburl; function share. Point. Ready() . However, we're just displaying the web title here. Error: ' + error. Message). To do this, the REST URL should change to something like (asking for the Title only here): appweburl + . Querying for lists in the host web (. The change to the REST part is simple (we use “/web/lists. Therefore, in my success handler I’m using j. Query’s each method with a callback which uses the Title and Item. Count properties. Note that this is a cut- down sample: // omitted for brevity: variable declarations, setup code to load dependent scripts, get hostweburl from querystring etc. Error: ' + error. Message). Querying for specific items in a specific list in the host web (. Here, I do the usual setup work to ensure scripts are loaded first. Then, in this case, I’m querying for records belonging to the current user – so I need an initial CSOM request to find out who this is, and then once I have the username I can proceed with the main query. Because of this 2- step process I'll show the full code for this sample. As in the previous examples, I then use SP. Request. Executor to call over to the host web and get my data - effectively I build up a REST URL with the details of the list I want to query/column I want to filter on, and pass this to Request. Executor. execute. Async() – my data is then returned in JSON format: var context; var user; var hostweburl; var appweburl; var util. Targets. List = . Error: ' + args. get. Error: ' + error. Message). Querying for specific items in a specific list in the host web (Java. Script CSOM). To repeat, I’m really focusing about a page in a Share. Point- hosted app here. In this case, use of the cross- domain library is not necessary – but there is a trick to being able to query the host web rather than the app web. Remember the app web is the default context because that’s where this code is running. To get to the host web using CSOM, I need to create an instance of SP. App. Context. Site, passing it details of both app and host webs. As you’ll know if you’ve used the CSOM in . Error: ' + error. Message). Tips for working with the REST . What I mean by this is simply typing in the browser address bar and checking the data returned - it will come back as XML by default, but you’ll still see which objects/properties come back. So here’s me checking that I can fetch a single property of the web with a certain URL. I’ll get back all the lists in the web with a different URL: You’ll have a far quicker feedback cycle with this approach, rather than waiting for the app to deploy for each change. Returning XML rather than JSONIf for some reason you’d prefer to work with XML rather than JSON, then you can specify XML to be returned. Use the Accept header to do this – simply swap this line: headers: . However, the main point which is relevant to this article is that by default, code which accesses data in the host web (like my samples above) will not work until the app is granted permissions to data in the host web. Consider that if every app could access every user’s data, even just as read- only – well, the whole thing would be chaos. The following bullets attempt to summarize the landscape here: Like a user, an app has it’s own identity which permissions can be granted to – this is known as the “app principal” If the app has an app web, the app principal automatically has Full Control to this area – nothing extra is required to read/write data in here In contrast, the app only has “basic permissions” to the host web or any other Share. Point site – you can get some core properties such as the web title, but not much more The app developer must code the app with a “permission request” specifying which data in the host web the app should be able to work with. This is accomplished in the App. Internet Firewalls: Frequently Asked Questions. Internet Firewalls. Frequently Asked Questions. Date: 2. 00. 4/0. Revision: 1. 0. 4. This document available in Postscript. PDF. Clyde Williamson, Richard Reiner, Humberto Ortiz Zuazaga, and Theodore Hope. This document may be used, reprinted, and redistributed. The actual means by which. Some people try to get real work. Internet, and others have sensitive or proprietary data. Usually, a firewall's purpose is to keep the jerks. In a case where. a company's policies dictate how data must be protected, a firewall is. A firewall provides not only real. Many corporations use their firewall systems as a place to. This, more than. anything, helps prevent vandals from logging into machines on your. Unlike in a situation. Many corporations that connect to the Internet are very. For example, a site with top. Internet in the first place, or the. While an industrial spy might export. FAX machine, or Compact Disc. CDs are a. far more likely means for information to leak from your organization. Rather than only trying to screen. The best known are. Related references are. Internetworking with TCP/IP Vols I, II, and IIIAuthors. Douglas Comer and David Stevens. Publisher. Prentice- Hall. ISBN0- 1. 3- 4. 68. I), 0- 1. 3- 4. 72. II), 0- 1. 3- 4. 74. Comment. A detailed discussion on the architecture and. Internet and its protocols. Volume I (on. principles, protocols and architecture) is readable by everyone. For example, a complete firewall product may cost. The free. option, of doing some fancy configuring on a Cisco or similar router. The systems management overhead is also a consideration. It's important. in other words, to evaluate firewalls not only in terms of what they. The traffic routing. IP level via something like screening. There are. benefits and drawbacks to both approaches, with the proxy machine. The old trade- off between ease- of- use and. A simple router is the. Modern network layer. Network layer firewalls tend. In a screened host. The single host is a bastion. In a screened subnet. It is similar to a screened. Since the proxy. applications are software components running on the firewall, it is a. A dual homed gateway. It has two network. Firewalls with end- to- end encryption. Internet. connectivity to use the Internet as a ``private backbone'' without. Proxies are often used instead of. In order to support a new. One popular. set of proxy servers is the TIS Internet Firewall Toolkit (``FWTK''). Telnet, rlogin, FTP, the X Window System. HTTP/Web, and NNTP/Usenet news. Its advantage is that it's easy to use, but it doesn't. For more information on SOCKS, see. Karlbridge is a PC- based screening. It is a sample. that shows the implementation of as specific policy. Your policy will. All incoming connections go. Mail and DNS are only incoming services. This IP access list assumes that you are running. Cisco IOS v. 1. 0. Source routing can be used for. X1. 1 (port 6. 00. Open. Windows (port 2. NFS (port 2. 04. 9) runs usually over UDP, but it can be run. TCP, so you should block it. Users can easily install backdoors to their systems to get. X1. 1'' rules. Also crackers. It also breaks access to some FTP sites. It. makes use of the service more difficult for users without preventing. It's still better to use 1. Block all. incoming TCP- connections and tell users to use passive- FTP clients. Cisco. com use to have an archive of examples. Cisco routers, but it doesn't seem to be. Implementing such an attack is quite easy; so. It is legitimately used by routers to tell hosts. If you can forge ICMP. Redirect packets, and if your target host pays attention to them, you. ICMP Redirects also may be employed for denial. ICMP Network Unreachable packet telling it. The problem with denial of service on the Internet is. The reason has to do with the. A. firewall administrator or ISP only has control of a few of the local. An attacker can always disrupt a connection. In other words, if. Many. experts don't think hiding DNS names is worthwhile, but if. Another reason you may have to hide. In that case, you have no choice but to hide those. Don't fool yourself into thinking that if your DNS names. Information about what is on your network is too easily. If you want an interesting. LAN. and then do an ``arp - a.'' Note also that hiding names in the DNS. The success of this. DNS clients on a machine don't have to. DNS server on that same machine. In other words, just. DNS server on a machine, there's nothing wrong with. DNS. client activity to a DNS server on another machine. You set this server up so that it claims to be. In fact, all this server knows is what. MX records, and so forth. This is the ``public''. This server also. This is your ``normal'' nameserver, into. DNS stuff. You also set this server up. Unix machine, for example). This is the key. A client on. An external client. These cause an an. YOUR. DOMAIN'' rather than an error. This. satisfies anonymous FTP sites like ftp. This may fail when talking to. DNS cross- check in which the host name is matched. The FTP client is then modified to bind. This entails being able to. FTP client application on internal hosts. The user interface certainly is. If you. choose the FTP- via- Web approach, your users will be unable to FTP. The PASV approach assumes that the FTP server on the. Application proxies could be in the. SOCKS server and a modified client. This approach only works with the. Unix version of finger. Controlling access to services and. This approach will. In. general, however, if your users are accustomed to putting proprietary. Proxies such as the. HTML and vice versa. For supporting archie and other queries. Internet- based Web- to- archie servers, such as. Archie. Plex. The Web's tendency to make everything on the Internet look. Often they are. misdesigned or are not designed with security in mind, and their. Unfortunately, not everyone can do. Things like Real. Audio, which require direct. UDP access, are particularly egregious examples. The thing to bear in. It's quite possible the. It's equally possible that it. Remote systems that can gain or spoof. X1. 1 display can monitor keystrokes that a. Most firewalls block all X1. Some. permit X1. 1 traffic through application proxies such as the DEC CRL X1. FTP crl. dec. com). The firewall toolkit includes a proxy for. X1. 1, called x- gw, which a user can invoke via the Telnet proxy, to. X1. 1 server on the firewall. When requests are made. X1. 1 connection on the virtual X1. OK to allow the connection. While. this is a little unaesthetic, it's entirely in keeping with the rest. X1. 1. It would be unwise to. Hence, when you want to ``connect'' to a server. The local port number is necessary. TCP/IP stack will have to know to what application to pass the. It does this by remembering what application uses which local. Let's assume that it finds 1. It is horribly out of date, and it won't be. What do they do? Has my workstation stolen my VISA number and. In fact, this question has been asked maybe a dozen times during. Not that THAT. keeps people from asking the same question again. Applications using RPC will later on connect to port. RPC. service, and get an answer back saying that that particular service. Simple: There's no substitute for experience. There shouldn't be very many. If nothing comes out, try typing some. Enter a few times, and see if something turns. It will show you all open port numbers. Read the help text. I've heard that all ports above 1. You CANNOT tell what ports are safe simply by looking at. You. can't mount an attack through a 1. Otherwise. you CAN'T. It's in how the. application processes the data that it receives. This data may be. If the application is not safe, it does not matter. The application data is where the real danger. One could argue that a firewall should stop all. NOT. designed with security in mind, and networked applications, neither. All it. does is let people log on, and establish ANOTHER connection to do. FTP servers are steering away from this behaviour. The same goes. for running as ``Administrator'' or ``SYSTEM'' (``Local. System'') on NT. machines, although the low port problem does not apply on NT. There may be applications running on some. NOT want outside people using. Disallow. access to these ports before allowing access to the 1. There may be applications running on some. NOT want outside people using. Disallow. access to these ports before allowing access to the 1. Let the firewall do the job for you. What is. this?! A response is sent. SYN=ON ACK=ON. The client receives the response, and informs that the response. ACK=ON. Here, the connection is opened. This is called a three- way handshake. If. you send out SYN packets from lots of different ports, this will tie. This way, no packet may. This way. you wouldn't be able to dynamically allocate more connections, seeing. Some Commercial Products and Vendors. We feel this topic is too sensitive to address in a FAQ, however, an. B. Glossary of Firewall- Related Terms. Abuse of Privilege. When a user performs an action that they. Application layer firewalls often re- address traffic. Authentication tokens operate by challenge/response. This may include. Usually, authorization is in the context. Bastion hosts are often. Generally, a bastion host is running some form of. Unix, VMS, NT, etc.) rather. ROM- based or firmware operating system. In the case of firewalls, a. May be used. in conjunction with firewalls. In firewall configurations, a dual homed gateway. Host based security is operating system and. IP. Splicing attacks may occur after an authentication has been made. Primary protections against IP Splicing rely on encryption at. This reduces the. Typical. proxies accept a connection from a user, make a decision as to. IP address is permitted to use the. The degree. to which the subnet may be accessed depends on the screening rules. Social engineering attacks are.
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